Abstract
This paper examines the different sources that is to help sculpt a finalized research paper. The issue that antibiotics are the reason for growing bacterial resistance has become a global health concern. There are over 23,000 annual deaths in the United States due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). These articles go through the different solutions there are in combating the growing resistance to antibiotics. Antibiotics have been used for many decades and are starting to have more harmful effects to your body. When taking antibiotics they target the good bacteria you have and do not fully take away the illness it is inserted to treat. Solutions like new drugs are in the making however it has been a few decades since an antibiotic was released that does not aid to the growth of the resistant bacteria. More effective approaches like vaccinations, distribution methods and environmental measures are all needed to battle AMR.
References
Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017, September 25). About Antibiotic Prescribing and Use Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/about/index.html.
Antibiotics go by a specific protocol doctors are suppose to abide by. Antibiotics are used to save lives and should only be given out when most needed and only cure bacterial infections. There are ways that patients can take their antibiotics, but 30% of antibiotics that are prescribed are not needed for the patient to get better. Taking antibiotics for a cold or flu will only make the situation worse and doctors are more than aware of this. Doctors are encouraged to take training again on how to distribute antibiotics seeing as the growing concern for antibiotic-resistant bacteria is happening and it is happening now. The site with this information proves benefit to the research paper because this is the set of rules that need to be followed in order to ensure patient safety when they take antibiotics. Not every patient will question the medication their doctor gives, but now they need to.
Alpert, P. T. (2016, July 11). Superbugs: Antibiotic Resistance Is Becoming a Major Public Health Concern . Retrieved from https://journals-sagepub-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/doi/full/10.1177/1084822316659285.
Basu, S., & Garg, S. (2018, May 12). Antibiotic prescribing behavior among physicians: ethical challenges in resource-poor settings. Retrieved from https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=9&sid=901009d8-c2b2-4816-9550-e43a536d09a5@pdc-v-sessmgr01.
Doctors are supposed to make sure you get the best treatment available for the illness or disease you go in to check. The use of antibiotics is needed to ensure people are safe and healthy, however it adds to the growing bacterial resistance. Antibiotics are becoming scarce and need to be used in a more appropriate manner so that the health of future generations are not in danger. Before antibiotics are given, physicians, especially in low resource communities, have very little but their own evaluation to rely on. Doctors taking this into account, gives patients antibiotics that are not accurate in treating the illness that the patient has. There are times where doctors are even pressured to prescribing antibiotics even if they are not needed based on their judgments. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics and broad-spectrum antibiotics are distributed differently by doctors depending on who the patient is. There needs to be practices followed for antibiotic prescriptions and containing AMR is the number one focus. This article speaks a lot of ethical views between patients and doctors. Doctors are not abiding by ethical procedures when they offer an antibiotic that has less effects of AMR to close patients than those who are in poor environments. The article is essential the paper because the idea of ethics playing a part in how antibiotics are given proves that protocols need to be more strictly enforced for health care providers.
Bloom, D. E., Black, S., Salisbury, D., & Rappuoli, R. (2018, December 18). Antimicrobial resistance and the role of vaccines. Retrieved from https://www.pnas.org/content/115/51/12868.full.
Antibiotics have been around for decades are are proving to be less beneficial as intakes increase. Antibiotic resistance has been estimated to cause 23,000 deaths annually in the United States. The role of antibiotics is targeting pathogens created illnesses and diseases, however they are not effective for extended periods of time. Antimicrobial resistance poses a global threat and options are available, however one response is not enough to decrease its rise. Vaccinations are a solution that has not been given enough value. Vaccines can counteract and reduce AMR through different pathways and can last for extended periods of time unlike antibiotics. Investments are needed to expand the research and work on perfecting vaccines to the point where antibiotics are no longer needed to use. This article goes deep into a long term solution against AMR. Some of the work is biased since not many recent studies are shown and the accuracy of developing new antibiotics. Yet this article is valuable towards this paper because there are many reasons listed as to why vaccines are the considerable choice fighting AMR. As time continues to go on there is need more immediate approaches especially with the development of newer technologies.
Cha, A. E. (2019, March 30). WHO creates controversial ‘reserve’ list of antibiotics for superbug threats. Retrieved from https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2017/06/06/who-creates-controversial-reserve-list-of-antibiotic
Diseases that are treated with antibiotics are now at risk with the growing antimicrobial resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) had came up with categories to place the antibiotics in to try and combat the rise of superbugs. The main issue with the resistance of antibiotics is how humans are overusing and how livestock is being overly contaminated with it. The WHO’s advice is three categories: watch, access, and reserve, that tells which antibiotics should be used more liberally and which ones should be kept only for serious cases, like deadly. Cases now that deal with minor infections or illnesses can soon lead to deadly outcomes because they are no longer treatable effectively with antibiotics. In order to persist this change, companies who develop and advertise these antibiotics must try to not market and keep everything in reverse. This article from the New York Times explains the growing issue of antibiotic resistant bacteria and the best way to combat it. Antibiotics all have different reasons for use and the ones that are most effective should be advertised more regularly than the ones that cause more harm. This article is essential towards this paper because it gives another solution combating the superbug problem. This is a more specific and organized way to deal with the distributing of antibiotics by doctors.
Mccarthy, M. (2019, May 20). What Superbug Hunters Know That We Don’t. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/20/opinion/hospitals-antibiotic-resistant-bacteria-superbugs.html?searchResultPosition=4.
Antibiotic-resistant superbugs are more common than people believe. About 5% of healthcare workers are colonized with these superbugs. Hospitals are the biggest generator of superbugs yet they claim very little to be. Patients entering and leaving hospitals may already be carrying a multidrug species yet there are bacteria that do not cause deadly or even severe problems. People are being more demanding on figuring out what species lies within hospitals but that would only cause them to stay away from it in fear in catching a drug-resistant bacteria. Hospitals need to be more open with addressing these issues and keeping people and their environment safe. Taking into account when patients stay in the hospital rooms, after the leave the room should be thoroughly disinfected so that the isolated superbug can be cleared out before the next patient enters. The article from the New York Times indicates that there are small benefits with superbugs living in hospitals but that leads to the case of always having a superbug no matter how many times you try to get rid of it. It is transferable and even though it lives in clean environments, still deadly. This is important for the paper because having knowledge that hospitals are having their own issues when trying to combat the growing resistance shows another way of getting rid of them. Environmental cleaning and disinfecting is key and important to stop people infection contact.
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